There can be some inconsistent letter spacing, when certain characters are paired together, such as the slanted doublet, slanted V here, and also to sometimes your T with the stroke can cause some issues, making kerning a helpful option. There are a few flaws in some fonts that can't be fixed by kerning. Oftentimes, capital letters can be designed to take up more width space, but it's the same design characteristic in the san serif or in the serif font as well as sans serif fonts that may need to be adjusted by kerning the characters. However, the kerning adjustments may differ in the amount needed such as how negative 43 is used between the A's and the W, but a negative 57 kerning is more visually pleasing between the A and the Y. For instance, the vertical slant in the letter A, W, and Y, all capital in this example of the san serif font, can make them seem too far apart without some kerning. So when it comes to kerning, there are some letters with certain stressors or letter forms that just need a bit of tweaking to align up better. So again, remember to track your text along the baseline, but kern your characters between each letter. Once you've found a setting you feel as suitable, you'll be well advised to stick with it and adjust the kerning or other alignment options for further changes. The last tracking you have, be it negative or positive, the easier the letter spacing and words are to read. Tracking is important for readability also. In the bottom option, the tracking maybe too much to even make the words legible. So decreasing or negative tracking can't be helpful in some instances. ![]() So in the top example, the E and X of the word text, the E fits nicely into the spacing of the X. However, the type designer's intentions may not be the same as your own. This is because when a typeface's design, the designer assigns each character a width allowing for consecutive characters to be placed on the baseline without touching. In the top example, the tracking has been set to a negative value, but some of the serifs and other words are almost colliding in the midline and baseline, which can be distracting. Most design programs such as InDesign are set to regular tracking of zero, which does not adjust the spacing between letters. ![]() Kerning allows you to manually adjust the space between any two characters, which is often referred to as optical space because you have to look at the distance between each letter and again just two letters to determine if any adjustments are needed. Tracking allows the user to apply a form of universal or equal space between all characters. But when it comes to kerning, the space between the characters is based on the actual letters and how some letters and fonts curve, or line up in such a way that they may need to be adjusted for design and balance purposes. The word stretches along the track or baseline of the text. But you can see here the space between the characters in the word tracking are all the same. Both refer to the adjustment of spacing between characters of type. ![]() Throughout this video, we will learn more about kerning and tracking, which are too frequently used methods for controlling type spacing. Tracking your type is a phrase you will hear me use because it pertained to the track or baseline type FISA falls on and adjusting the general spacing between letters, whereas kerning your characters is in reference to the individual spaces between each letter-character. ![]() Along with aligning and sizing texts, tracking and kerning are two other typographic considerations we need to review.
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